Historical Evolution, Global Benchmarking, and Policy Pathways for Strategic Development of the Indian Shipbuilding Industry

Abstract

The shipbuilding industry has historically played an important role in industrial development, trade competitiveness, technological advancement, and employment generation across nations. Countries such as England, Japan, South Korea, and China have demonstrated that a strong shipbuilding ecosystem can significantly contribute to national economic growth. India possesses a long maritime history, a strategic coastline, and emerging industrial capabilities, yet its share in the global shipbuilding and ship-repair market remains limited. This paper examines the Indian shipbuilding and ship-repairing industry through a qualitative review of historical evolution, present capacity, international best practices, and policy requirements for future growth. Using a scoping review methodology based on secondary literature, government reports, industry documents, and policy sources, the study synthesizes evidence on the structural opportunities and constraints affecting the sector. The findings indicate that India has strong foundational advantages including geographic location, public and private shipyard presence, technical capability, and growing domestic demand. However, financial constraints, policy delays, and lack of coordinated long-term planning continue to restrict competitiveness. Comparative insights from China, Philippines, Vietnam, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, and Brazil explain the critical drivers that are essential for shipbuilding success. The paper concludes that India requires strategic industry status for shipbuilding, and policy support to expand its global market presence.