Domestic Violence and the Status of Women in India: A Socio-Legal Perspective

Abstract

Domestic violence against women in India remains a pervasive and deeply entrenched issue that transcends social, economic, and geographic boundaries. Despite legislative progress, particularly through the enactment of the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act (PWDVA), 2005, the prevalence of intimate partner violence continues to pose a significant challenge to gender equality, justice, and human rights. This research paper undertakes a socio-legal inquiry into domestic violence in India, examining the historical status of women, the evolving legal framework, and the social and structural conditions that perpetuate abuse. It critically evaluates the PWDVA’s effectiveness in addressing the multifaceted nature of domestic violence, focusing on its implementation across diverse social and regional contexts. The study concludes that while the PWDVA is progressive in its intent, its impact is hindered by implementation gaps, lack of awareness, and societal resistance. The paper offers evidence-based recommendations to strengthen legal enforcement, improve support services, and foster societal change aimed at eliminating domestic violence and empowering women in India.